A Great Son of India

ଇଂରାଜୀ ଅଧ୍ୟାୟ ୧: A Great Son of India

English · Odisha Board Class 10 · ୪ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ · ୨୫ Quiz

📖 Non-Detailed 5 — A Great Son of India (Dr. S. Radhakrishnan): Complete notes, Odia summary (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ସାରାଂଶ), word meanings (ଶବ୍ଦାର୍ଥ) & explanation.

Non-Detailed 5 — A Great Son of India

✍️ 1. About the Speech & Speaker

This is a speech by Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (great philosopher, teacher and 2nd President of India) about Swami Vivekananda, on the saint's 92nd birthday. Vivekananda was 'a great son of India' who carried the teachings of the Upanishads to the world.

🎯 2. Theme (ମୂଳଭାବ)

Vivekananda's teaching gives us a rational, democratic, tolerant and service-based spiritual religion suited to the modern age of science and democracy — 'work is worship', the Divine is in all, and true religion leads to Ramrajya. (ବିଜ୍ଞାନ ଓ ଗଣତନ୍ତ୍ର ଯୁଗ ପାଇଁ ଉପଯୁକ୍ତ ଆଧ୍ୟାତ୍ମିକ ଧର୍ମ।)

📝 3. ଓଡ଼ିଆ ସାରାଂଶ (Odia Summary)

ଡକ୍ଟର ରାଧାକୃଷ୍ଣନ୍ ସ୍ୱାମୀ ବିବେକାନନ୍ଦଙ୍କ ୯୨ତମ ଜନ୍ମଦିନରେ କୁହନ୍ତି — ବିବେକାନନ୍ଦ ଭାରତୀୟ ନବଜାଗରଣର ଅନ୍ୟତମ ନେତା। ସେ ନୂଆ ଧର୍ମ ଦାବି କରି ନ ଥିଲେ ; ସେ ଉପନିଷଦ ଓ ନିଜ ଗୁରୁ ଶ୍ରୀ ରାମକୃଷ୍ଣଙ୍କ ଶିକ୍ଷାରୁ ଭାରତର ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ଜ୍ଞାନ ପୁନଃବ୍ୟାଖ୍ୟା କଲେ।

ଆଧୁନିକ ଯୁଗର ଦୁଇ ମୁଖ୍ୟ ବୈଶିଷ୍ଟ୍ୟ — ବିଜ୍ଞାନ ଓ ଗଣତନ୍ତ୍ର। ଧର୍ମ ଯୁକ୍ତିସଙ୍ଗତ (ବିଜ୍ଞାନ ସମ୍ମତ) ଓ ଗଣତାନ୍ତ୍ରିକ (ମଣିଷକୁ ମଣିଷଠାରୁ ଭିନ୍ନ ନ କରୁ) ହେବା ଉଚିତ। ବିବେକାନନ୍ଦଙ୍କ ମତେ ଧର୍ମ = ଯୋଗ (ବ୍ୟକ୍ତିଗତ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ, କେବଳ ମତବାଦ ନୁହେଁ) — ଜ୍ଞାନ, ରାଜ, ଭକ୍ତି, କର୍ମ ଯୋଗ।

ଅନ୍ତର୍ଜ୍ୟୋତି (ଭିତର ଆଲୋକ) ସବୁ ମଣିଷରେ ଅଛି ; ମଣିଷର ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟ ଈଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ସହ ମିଳନ। ଅସ୍ପୃଶ୍ୟତା ଆଦି ଧର୍ମର ଅପବ୍ୟବହାର। ପ୍ରକୃତ ଧର୍ମର ପରୀକ୍ଷା — ସତ୍ୟ ଓ ମାନବିକ ମେଳାପ, ଅହିଂସା। ବିବେକାନନ୍ଦ କର୍ମକୁ ପୂଜାର ସ୍ତରକୁ ଉଠାଇଲେ — "ମଣିଷ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଈଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ସେବା ଦ୍ୱାରା ମୁକ୍ତି।" ଏହା ସମାଜକୁ ରାମରାଜ୍ୟ ଆଡ଼କୁ ନିଏ।

📚 4. Word Meanings (ଶବ୍ଦାର୍ଥ — ଓଡ଼ିଆରେ)

Word	ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ
renaissance	ନବଜାଗରଣ (ପୁନର୍ଜାଗରଣ)
profess	ଦାବି କରିବା
fortified	ଦୃଢ଼ୀକୃତ
transcendent	ମାନବିକ ଅନୁଭୂତିରୁ ଊର୍ଦ୍ଧ୍ୱ
transience	କ୍ଷଣସ୍ଥାୟିତା
perpetual	ଚିରନ୍ତନ, ନିରନ୍ତର
annihilate	ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ନଷ୍ଟ କରିବା
precariousness	ଅନିଶ୍ଚିତତା
exalt	ଉଚ୍ଚରେ ପ୍ରଶଂସା / ଉନ୍ନୀତ କରିବା
vehemently	ପ୍ରବଳ ଭାବେ
reconciliation	ମେଳାପ, ସାମଞ୍ଜସ୍ୟ
renunciation	ତ୍ୟାଗ
exhorted	ଦୃଢ଼ ଉପଦେଶ ଦେଲେ
antar-jyoti	ଅନ୍ତର୍ଜ୍ୟୋତି (ଭିତର ଆଲୋକ)
ahimsa	ଅହିଂସା
Ramrajya	ରାମରାଜ୍ୟ (ଈଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ରାଜ୍ୟ)

🧠 ମନେରଖ: Speaker=Dr. S. Radhakrishnan। Subject=Swami Vivekananda (92nd birthday)। Guru=Sri Ramakrishna। Modern age=science+democracy। Religion=Yoga। "Work is worship" → Ramrajya।

⭐ Exam Tips: ① Speaker: Radhakrishnan ; about Vivekananda (Indian Renaissance leader)। ② Master: Sri Ramakrishna। ③ Science & democracy = modern age। ④ Religion = Yoga (Jnana/Raja/Bhakti/Karma)। ⑤ antar-jyoti (Divine in all) ; work = worship ; goal = Ramrajya।

📘 Textbook Question Answers

I-1,2Who is the speaker and on what occasion does he speak?

The speaker is Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan. He speaks on Swami Vivekananda's 92nd birthday, while distributing prizes for recitation and speech competitions.

I-3,4What is the 'treasure of her past', and where did Vivekananda collect it?

The 'treasure of her past' refers to India's ancient spiritual wisdom — the Upanishads and scriptures. Vivekananda collected it from these scriptures and from the life and sayings of his Master, Sri Ramakrishna.

I-5,6How are religion and science interrelated, and why must religion sustain democracy?

Religion must be rational and supported by reason — acceptable to the scientific spirit, not mere wishful thinking. It must sustain democracy because a religion that divides man from man or supports exploitation, privileges or wars cannot be accepted today.

I-7,8,9Why the 'eclipse of religion', what is the ultimate truth of life, and how is time powerful?

Religion is in eclipse because, as practised, it seems unscientific and undemocratic. The ultimate truth of life is its transience — everything in this world passes away. Time acts as a powerful force because it destroys everything, yet man's longing for the eternal points to a reality beyond.

II-1,2What do the Upanishads explain, and what does Vivekananda mean by 'the Vedas'?

The Upanishads explain that there is a 'Beyond' (the Supreme) of which this world is the expression. By 'the Vedas', Vivekananda means not books but the accumulated treasure of spiritual laws discovered by different seers at different times — hence ever-expanding.

II-3,7,8What is religion for Vivekananda, what is 'antar-jyoti', and the test of true religion?

For Vivekananda, religion is Yoga — a personal transformation (Jnana, Raja, Bhakti, Karma Yoga), not mere doctrine. 'Antar-jyoti' is the inner divine light present in every human being. The ultimate test of true religion is recognition of truth and reconciliation with human beings (ahimsa).

II-9What is necessary for creating Ramrajya?

We must become dedicated spirits who see work as worship and seek salvation through the service of God in man, building a spiritual religion of truth, tolerance and ahimsa — this transforms society into Ramrajya (the Kingdom of God).

Extra practice questions (3× the textbook) — short, long & more.

📝 Short Answer

୧Why is Vivekananda called a leader of the Indian Renaissance?

Because he reawakened India's ancient spiritual wisdom and inspired the nation with new confidence and pride.

୨What must modern religion be, according to the speaker?

Rational (in tune with science) and democratic (not dividing people or supporting exploitation).

୩What does Vivekananda mean by 'the Vedas'?

Not books, but the accumulated treasure of spiritual laws discovered by seers in different ages.

୪What is the ultimate test of true religion?

Recognition of truth and reconciliation (harmony) with human beings, through ahimsa.

୫How did Vivekananda regard work?

He raised work to the level of worship — service of God in man leads to salvation.

📖 Long Answer

୬Summarise Vivekananda's idea of religion. (ମୂଳଭାବ)

For Vivekananda, religion is not a doctrine but Yoga — the awakening and transformation of the spirit within. It must be rational, democratic and tolerant. The Divine (antar-jyoti) lives in every human being, and the goal of life is union with the Divine. Work is worship, and true religion is tested by truth, ahimsa and reconciliation, leading society towards Ramrajya.

୭How can religion lead to the transformation of human society?

By becoming rational, democratic and service-oriented — treating all humans as equal, seeing the Divine in everyone, doing selfless work as worship and practising ahimsa. Such a religion removes hatred and division and brings society nearer to Ramrajya, the Kingdom of God.

୮What are the abuses of religion, and how should they be removed?

Abuses such as untouchability, intolerance and division of man from man go against the truth that the Divine is in all. They should be removed by recognising the inner light in every person and practising truth, equality and ahimsa.

🎯 Extra MCQ

୯'exalt' ର ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅର୍ଥ?

ଉଚ୍ଚରେ ପ୍ରଶଂସା / ଉନ୍ନୀତ କରିବା।

୧୦The light that lighteth every man is called —

antar-jyoti (the inner divine light).